TMS vs. TDS

 Time multiplier setting (TMS) for IEC curves 

 Time dial setting (TDS) for IEEE curves 

IDMT Curve formula of IEC

IEC 60255 曲線公式

其中：

       TMS    denoted time multiplier setting

       Is          denoted the current setting.

       I           denoted the actual current.

       k and α  denoted the curve type constants. See table below.

Curve type	k	α
Standard inverse	0.140	0.020
Very inverse	13.5	1
Extremely inverse	80	2
Long time standard inverse	120	1

 

IEEE 1584-2018 電極的配置架構 Electrode Configuration

Excerpt from IEEE 1584-2018

— VCB：垂直電極，金屬“盒”式外殼（圖G.1）

— VCBB：垂直電極端接在絕緣屏障中，金屬“盒”式外殼（圖G.2）

— HCB：水平電極，金屬“盒”式外殼（圖G.3）

— VOA：垂直電極，開放空間（圖G.4）

— HOA：水平電極，開放空間（圖G.5）

—  VCB: Vertical Electrodes, Metal “Box” Enclosure (Figure G.1)
—  VCBB: Vertical Electrodes terminated in an insulating barrier, Metal “Box” Enclosure (Fig G.2)
—  HCB: Horizontal Electrodes, Metal “Box” Enclosure (Figure G.3)
—  VOA: Vertical Electrodes, Open Air (Figure G.4)
—  HOA: Horizontal Electrodes, Open Air (Figure G.5)

比流器的飽和 The Saturation of Current Transformer

比流器鐵心的尺寸大小決定了鐵心的最大磁通密度。只要磁通量密度保持在最大磁通量目標值以下，磁通量的變化就會在二次側電路中產生等比率的電流。

當一次側電流過高以致超過磁芯可承受的通量時，CT就會飽和。 在飽和狀態下，因磁芯已達可承載了最大磁通量，一次側電流變化時磁通量無法作應有的相對應變化。因此，二次側沒有相對應的電流流動。 換句話說，在飽和狀態下，過高的電流都成了磁化電流，沒有流入CT連接的負載端，造成二次側感測到非實際的一次側電流值。

Load type and data, excerpt from IEEE standard.

For simulation purposes, loads are most often defined as the following types:

—  Constant kVA load: such as running motors where a “constant kVA” characteristic means that the complex power S = P + jQ  will be held constant.

—  Constant impedance load: typically used for a motor which is starting, or for many static (non-motor) loads.

—  Constant power and constant current loads: some load flow programs offer options for other forms of load modeling. For example, some kinds of static power conversion equipment might better be modeled as having constant real power and/or constant current characteristics.

—  Generic load: used as general complex loads where the real and reactive powers (P and Q) are complex functions of terminal voltage and frequency.

MCR Function of ACB

MCR (Making Current Release)，在斷路器投入期間，若發生短路時的瞬跳保護功能，依廠牌型號不同，有標配和選配的不同。

MCR (Making Current Release)，When ACB closing, instantaneous release intended for self-protection of the breaker during short-circuit fault. MCR can be optional depend on brand.

「屋內線路裝置規則」已修正為「用戶用電設備裝置規則」

「屋內線路裝置規則」業經 經濟部 於中華民國107年7月17日以經能字第10704603420號令修正為「用戶用電設備裝置規則」。